Alunorte is the world largest alumina refinery. Strategically located near high-grade bauxite deposits in Brazil, it accounts for 7 percent of global alumina refining capacity, producing roughly 6Mt of alumina per year following a $2.2 billion renovation in 2008. After heavy rains in April 2009 exceeded Alunorte’s capacity to retain the red mud, bauxite residue spilled into a neighboring river. Alunorte was subsequently fined $10 million. The extractive industry, which is comprised of companies such as Alunorte, is just one example of the many industries that make heavy use of finite natural resources, energy, and low-skilled labor. While Creating Sustainable Apparel Value Chains focuses on the global textile and garments industry, its systems approach that utilizes different levers of intervention to collectively achieve industry transformation can also be applied to other industries
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